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A New Testament scholar challenges the belief that American family values are based on "Judeo-Christian" norms by drawing unexpected comparisons between ancient Christian theories and modern discourses Challenging the long-held assumption that American values-be they Christian or secular-are based on "Judeo-Christian" norms, this provocative study compares ancient Christian discourses on marriage and sexuality with contemporary ones, maintaining that modern family values owe more to Roman Imperial beliefs than to the bible. Engaging with Foucault's ideas, Wheeler-Reed examines how conservative organizations and the Supreme Court have misunderstood Christian beliefs on marriage and the family. Taking on modern cultural debates on marriage and sexuality, with implications for historians, political thinkers, and jurists, this book undermines the conservative ideology of the family, starting from the position that early Christianity, in its emphasis on celibacy and denunciation of marriage, was in opposition to procreation, the ideological norm in the Greco-Roman world.

Christianity and culture --- Sex --- Sex. --- Early church. --- History --- History. --- Religious aspects --- Christianity. --- Judaism. --- Augustus, --- 30-600. --- Sex (Theology) --- 30-600 --- Early Church Period --- Primitive and Early Church Period

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J. Cornelis de Vos examines the impact and reception of the Decalogue up to 200 CE, scrutinizing the versions of the Decalogue, and the history of the Decalogue in ancient Jewish writings, the New Testament, and early Christian writings. Almost all texts show an interconnection of identity and normativity: the Decalogue functions as an expression of fundamental moral concepts of socio-religious groups. At the same time, these groups enhance the Decalogue with normativity—sometimes even expanding on it—to make it a text that generates their own identity. This is the first study that presents an in-depth and continuous analysis of the early history of the Decalogue. Der Wirkung und Rezeption des Dekalogs bis 200 n.Chr. widmet sich J. Cornelis de Vos in dieser Studie. Dafür erforscht er zunächst die alten Textzeugen der beiden Dekalogfassungen, um anschließend zu fragen, wie die Zehn Gebote bei antik-jüdischen Autoren, im Neuen Testament sowie in frühchristlichen Schriften aufgenommen wurden. Es zeigt sich eine Verbindung von Normativität und Identität: Der Dekalog gilt zumeist als Ausdruck der moralischen Grundauffassungen sozioreligiöser Gruppen; er wird gleichzeitig von diesen Gruppen mit Normativität aufgeladen – manchmal sogar erweitert – gerade um als Identität stiftend für die eigene Gruppe zu gelten. Dies ist die erste Studie, die eine detaillierte und durchgehende Geschichte des Dekalogs in der Antike beschreibt.

241.6 --- 222.4 --- 222.4 Deuteronomium --- 222.4 Le Deuteronome --- Deuteronomium --- Le Deuteronome --- 241.6 Decaloog. Tien geboden --- Decaloog. Tien geboden --- Ten commandments --- Bible. --- Commandments, Ten --- Decalogue --- Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish --- History. --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- History --- Versions. --- Ten commandments. --- 30-600 --- Early Church Period --- Primitive and Early Church Period --- History |y Early church, ca. 30-600.

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Leo the Great was a major figure of the late Roman world whose life and work were profoundly intertwined with the political crisis of his day. As the western empire gradually succumbed to the advancing barbarian kingdoms, Leo understood that the papacy needed to expand its authority in order for the church to survive the demise of the political system. This book argues that his achievement was to transform the church not only in the practical level of administrative organization, but in the more fluid realm of thought and idea. The secular Rome that was crumbling was replaced with a Christian, universal Rome that he fashioned by infusing his theology with humanitarian ideals.

Church history --- Apostolic Church --- Christianity --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- Primitive and early church. --- Leo --- Leo, --- Léon, --- Leon, --- Leone, --- Léon --- 30 - 600 --- Early Church Period --- Primitive and Early Church Period

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Ancient Christianity had an ambivalent stance toward violence. Jesus had instructed his disciples to love their enemies, and in the first centuries Christians were proud of this lofty teaching and tried to apply it to their persecutors and to competing religious groups. Yet at the same time they testify to their virulent verbal criticism of Jews, heretics and pagans, who could not accept the Christian exclusiveness. After emperor Constantine had turned to Christianity, Christians acquired the opportunity to use violence toward competing groups and pagans, even though they were instructed to love them personally and Jewish-Christian relationships flourished at grass root level. General analyses and case studies demonstrate that the fashionable distinction between intolerant monotheism and tolerant polytheism must be qualified.

Violence --- Persecution --- Church history --- Christianity and culture --- Persécutions --- Eglise --- Christianisme et civilisation --- Religious aspects --- Christianity. --- History --- Aspect religieux --- Christianisme --- Histoire --- Christianity --- 27 "00/04" --- 272 "00/03" --- Apostolic Church --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- Kerkgeschiedenis--?"00/04" --- Kerkvervolging--"00/03" --- Church history -- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600. --- Violence -- Religious aspects -- Christianity. --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Persécutions --- Primitive and early church. --- 30 - 600 --- Early Church Period --- Primitive and Early Church Period --- Violent behavior --- Social psychology --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Violence - Religious aspects - Christianity --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600

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Die Position, das frühe Christentum sei eine „Unterschichtenreligion“ gewesen, ist sicher überholt. Doch inwieweit sich Angehörige der sozialen Elite dem neuen Glauben zuwandten, bleibt heiß umstritten. Ein breiter Konsens der Forschung spricht sich gegen die Annahme aus, dass bereits unter den frühen Christen Angehörige der führenden Stände, also des ordo senatorius oder eines lokalen ordo decurionum, zu finden gewesen wären. Die Quellen geben aber durchaus Hinweise auf Senatoren oder lokale Amtsträger unter den Christen des 1. Jahrhunderts. Insbesondere drei Einzelpersonen werden in dieser Arbeit ausführliche Studien gewidmet: Sergius Paullus, Prokonsul von Zypern; Dionysios, Mitglied des athenischen Areopags; Erastus, „Stadtkämmerer“ in Korinth. Handelt es sich bei ihnen um plausible Kandidaten für christliche ordo-Angehörige des 1. Jahrhunderts, bliebe nach den Motiven für ihre Hinwendung zum Christentum zu fragen. Sozialen Gewinn, so eine häufige Erklärung, hätten diese hochangesehenen Personen jedenfalls nicht zu erwarten gehabt. The notion that early Christianity was a “lower class religion” is surely outdated. Yet the extent to which members of the social elites turned to the new faith remains a matter of intense scholarly dispute. Many researchers argued against the idea that the social elites were already represented among early Christians. However, the sources give extensive evidence that senators and local officials were among the Christians of the 1st century CE.

27 "00/01" --- 281.2 --- 281.2 Apostolische Kerk. Judeo-christianisme:--tot einde 1ste eeuw --- Apostolische Kerk. Judeo-christianisme:--tot einde 1ste eeuw --- Kerkgeschiedenis--?"00/01" --- Élite (sciences sociales) --- Christianity and other religions. --- Church history -- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600. --- Identification (Religion). --- Religions -- Relations. --- Christianity --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Church history --- Apostolic Church --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- Antiquity --- social history --- Erastus --- 30 - 600 --- Rome (Empire) --- Early Church Period --- Primitive and Early Church Period --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic --- Rome --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Italy